Spells (nonspecific)

DDx

  • Neurologic: syncope or presyncope, vertigo, transient ischemic attack, absence seizure, temporal lobe seizure, pseudoseizure, migraine, narcolepsy, multiple sclerosis, porphyria
  • Psychiatric: anxiety, panic attack, conversion disorder, domestic violence
  • Cardiac: arrhythmia, mitral valve prolapse
  • Pulmonary: pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension
  • Endocrine: hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, pheochromocytoma, carcinoid, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, hot flashes (menopausal)
  • Rheumatologic: CNS vasculitis
  • Drugs, eg, alcohol, cocaine, withdrawal
  • Infectious: Lyme disease, neurosyphilis

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Last updated: December 1, 2014