Diagnosaurus
Proptosis (exophthalmos)
DDx
- Graves’ ophthalmopathy
- Orbital cellulitis
- Orbital pseudotumor
- Tumor, eg, hemangioma, optic nerve glioma
- Trauma or orbital hemorrhage
- Retracted eyelid (normal variant)
- Inflammatory disease, eg, Wegener’s granulomatosis, sarcoidosis
- Carotid cavernous fistula, dural arteriovenous malformation (AVM), or cavernous sinus thrombosis
- Posterior scleritis
- Hand-Schuller-Christian disease (eosinophilic granuloma)
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Last updated: December 1, 2014
Citation
Zeiger, Roni F.. "Proptosis (exophthalmos)." Diagnosaurus, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill Education, 2014. Medicine Central, im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114390/all/Proptosis__exophthalmos_.
Zeiger RFR. Proptosis (exophthalmos). Diagnosaurus. McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114390/all/Proptosis__exophthalmos_. Accessed May 16, 2025.
Zeiger, R. F. (2014). Proptosis (exophthalmos). In Diagnosaurus (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114390/all/Proptosis__exophthalmos_
Zeiger RFR. Proptosis (exophthalmos) [Internet]. In: Diagnosaurus. McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. [cited 2025 May 16]. Available from: https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114390/all/Proptosis__exophthalmos_.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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T1 - Proptosis (exophthalmos)
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