Osteoporosis

Etiology

  • Estrogen (women) or androgen (men) deficiency
  • Cushing's syndrome or glucocorticoid administration
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Drugs: alcohol, tobacco, excessive vitamin D or A, heparin
  • Immobilization
Genetic disorders
  • Aromatase deficiency
  • Type I collagen mutations
  • Osteogenesis imperfecta
  • Idiopathic juvenile and adult osteoporosis
  • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
  • Marfan syndrome
  • Homocystinuria
Miscellaneous
  • Malignancy, especially multiple myeloma
  • Liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
  • Anorexia nervosa
  • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
  • Protein-calorie malnutrition
  • Vitamin C deficiency
  • Copper deficiency
  • Systemic mastocytosis

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Last updated: December 1, 2014