5-Minute Clinical Consult
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Pediatric
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Pediatric is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Clinical Consult.
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Basics
Description
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in early childhood characterized by distractibility, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and/or inattention.
- Three subsets: predominantly hyperactivity impulsive (ADHD-HI), predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I), or combined (ADHD-C)
- System(s) affected: nervous
- Synonym(s): attention deficit disorder; hyperactivity
Epidemiology
- Predominant age: onset <12 years; lasts into adolescence and adulthood; 50% meet diagnostic criteria by age 4 years.
- Predominant sex: male > female (2:1); ADHD-I is more common in girls.
Prevalence
5–11% of children 4 to 17 years
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Not definitive
Genetics
Familial pattern
Risk Factors
- Family history
- Medical causes (affecting brain development)
- Environmental causes (toxins such as lead, fetal alcohol, and nutritional deficiencies)
Commonly Associated Conditions
- Depression (in up to 1/3 of cases)
- Oppositional defiant disorder
- Conduct disorder
- Anxiety disorder
- Learning disabilities
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription --
Basics
Description
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in early childhood characterized by distractibility, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and/or inattention.
- Three subsets: predominantly hyperactivity impulsive (ADHD-HI), predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I), or combined (ADHD-C)
- System(s) affected: nervous
- Synonym(s): attention deficit disorder; hyperactivity
Epidemiology
- Predominant age: onset <12 years; lasts into adolescence and adulthood; 50% meet diagnostic criteria by age 4 years.
- Predominant sex: male > female (2:1); ADHD-I is more common in girls.
Prevalence
5–11% of children 4 to 17 years
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Not definitive
Genetics
Familial pattern
Risk Factors
- Family history
- Medical causes (affecting brain development)
- Environmental causes (toxins such as lead, fetal alcohol, and nutritional deficiencies)
Commonly Associated Conditions
- Depression (in up to 1/3 of cases)
- Oppositional defiant disorder
- Conduct disorder
- Anxiety disorder
- Learning disabilities
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Citation
Stephens, Mark B., et al., editors. "Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Pediatric." 5-Minute Clinical Consult, 27th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2019. Medicine Central, im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816485/all/Attention_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder__Pediatric.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Pediatric. In: Stephens MB, Golding J, Baldor RA, et al, eds. 5-Minute Clinical Consult. 27th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816485/all/Attention_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder__Pediatric. Accessed February 24, 2020.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Pediatric. (2019). In Stephens, M. B., Golding, J., Baldor, R. A., & Domino, F. J. (Eds.), 5-Minute Clinical Consult. Available from https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816485/all/Attention_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder__Pediatric
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Pediatric [Internet]. In: Stephens MB, Golding J, Baldor RA, Domino FJ, editors. 5-Minute Clinical Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. [cited 2020 February 24]. Available from: https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816485/all/Attention_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder__Pediatric.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Pediatric
ID - 816485
ED - Stephens,Mark B,
ED - Golding,Jeremy,
ED - Baldor,Robert A,
ED - Domino,Frank J,
BT - 5-Minute Clinical Consult, Updating
UR - https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816485/all/Attention_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder__Pediatric
PB - Wolters Kluwer
ET - 27
DB - Medicine Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -