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    Milia

    Milia is a topic covered in the Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics.

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    Basics

    Description

    • Common benign, keratin-filled cysts that present as white pinpoint papules most typically on the face but may occur elsewhere on the body (palate, gingiva, penis)
    • Subtypes include primary and secondary milia.
      • Primary: spontaneous
      • Secondary: secondary to trauma, medications, or another disease
    • Milia en plaque—rare type of primary milia which typically occurs in the posterior auricular area as an erythematous plaque

    Epidemiology

    • Congenital milia is the most common form of primary milia.
      • Approx. 40% of newborns have milia.
      • Less common in premature infants
      • No gender or racial predilection
    • Secondary milia can occur in all age groups.

    Risk Factors

    • Full-term newborns
    • Any bullous condition increases the risk of secondary milia, particularly epidermolysis bullosa and porphyria.

    Genetics

    • No known genetic predisposition for primary congenital milia, the most common type of milia encountered in pediatrics
    • Milia may be a major feature of rare genetic diseases of the skin (Loeys-Dietz syndrome, oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1, Rombo syndrome, or Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndrome).

    General Prevention

    There are no known preventative measures for primary milia.

    Pathophysiology

    • Retention of keratin and sebaceous material within the pilosebaceous duct, eccrine sweat duct, or sebaceous collar surrounding fine vellus hair

    Etiology

    • Most commonly spontaneous in newborns
    • May be related to trauma or blistering conditions in older children

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    Citation

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    TY - ELEC T1 - Milia ID - 14125 ED - Cabana,Michael D, BT - Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics UR - https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Select-5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/14125/all/Milia PB - Wolters Kluwer Health ET - 7 DB - Medicine Central DP - Unbound Medicine ER -