Scoliosis
Basics
DESCRIPTION
Coronal plane deformity (lateral curvature) of spine exceeding 10 degrees on radiographs with associated rotational deformity of the spine
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
- Female-to-male ratios:
- 1.4:1 for curves 11 to 20 degrees
- 5.4:1 for curves >20 degrees
PREVALENCE
- 1–4% of population for curves ≥10 degrees
- 0.3–0.5% of population have curves >20 degrees.
RISK-FACTORS
- Positive familial history of idiopathic scoliosis in 30% (not predictive of severity)
- Females have higher prevalences of larger and progressive idiopathic scoliosis.
- Persons with underlying conditions (e.g., Marfan syndrome, spina bifida, cerebral palsy) have increased risk for development of scoliosis.
GENETICS
Under investigation: Several candidate genes have been identified.
ETIOLOGY
- Connective tissue disorder
- Associated with several connective tissue disorders (including Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)
- Alterations in connective tissue of the spine, paraspinous muscles, and platelets
- May be related to decreased bone mineral density of vertebral bodies
- Neurologic (equilibrium system)
- Abnormalities noted in vestibular, ocular, proprioceptive, and vibratory functions
- Hormonal
- Lower melatonin levels secreted from pineal body in those with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
- Growth hormone: more of an influential factor than an etiologic factor in studies
- Vertebral growth abnormalities
- Asymmetric growth rates between the right and left sides of the spine
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Citation
Cabana, Michael D., editor. "Scoliosis." Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics, 7th ed., Wolters Kluwer Health, 2015. Medicine Central, im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Select-5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/14026/1.3.0/Scoliosis.
Scoliosis. In: Cabana MDM, ed. Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2015. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Select-5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/14026/1.3.0/Scoliosis. Accessed October 15, 2024.
Scoliosis. (2015). In Cabana, M. D. (Ed.), Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics (7th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Select-5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/14026/1.3.0/Scoliosis
Scoliosis [Internet]. In: Cabana MDM, editors. Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2015. [cited 2024 October 15]. Available from: https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Select-5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/14026/1.3.0/Scoliosis.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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T1 - Scoliosis
ID - 14026
ED - Cabana,Michael D,
BT - Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics
UR - https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Select-5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/14026/1.3.0/Scoliosis
PB - Wolters Kluwer Health
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DB - Medicine Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
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