Diagnosaurus
Dystonia
Etiology
- Focal torsion dystonia, eg, blepharospasm, torticollis, oromandibular dystonia, writer's cramp
- Idiopathic torsion dystonia
- Perinatal anoxia or birth trauma
- Kernicterus
- Wilson's disease
- Huntington's disease
- Parkinsonism
- Encephalitis lethargica
- Drugs, eg, antipsychotics
- Tetanus
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Last updated: December 1, 2014
Citation
Zeiger, Roni F.. "Dystonia." Diagnosaurus, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill Education, 2014. Medicine Central, im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114862/all/Dystonia.
Zeiger RFR. Dystonia. Diagnosaurus. McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114862/all/Dystonia. Accessed July 16, 2025.
Zeiger, R. F. (2014). Dystonia. In Diagnosaurus (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114862/all/Dystonia
Zeiger RFR. Dystonia [Internet]. In: Diagnosaurus. McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. [cited 2025 July 16]. Available from: https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114862/all/Dystonia.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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T1 - Dystonia
ID - 114862
A1 - Zeiger,Roni F,
Y1 - 2014/12/01/
BT - Diagnosaurus
UR - https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114862/all/Dystonia
PB - McGraw-Hill Education
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DB - Medicine Central
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