Hemolytic anemia

Hemolytic anemia is a topic covered in the Diagnosaurus.

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Etiology

Coombs positive (immune)

  • Autoimmune, drugs, infection, lymphoproliferative disease, Rh or ABO incompatibility

Coombs negative

  • Intrinsic red cell disease
    • Abnormal hemoglobin: sickle cell disease, thalassemia, methemoglobinemia
    • Membrane defect: hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
    • Enzyme defect: G6PD deficiency, pyruvate kinase deficiency
  • Extrinsic disease
    • Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic uremic syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, prosthetic valve hemolysis, metastatic adenocarcinoma, vasculitis, malignant hypertension, HELLP syndrome
    • Splenic sequestration
    • Infection: malaria, Clostridium, Borrelia
    • Burns

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Etiology

Coombs positive (immune)

  • Autoimmune, drugs, infection, lymphoproliferative disease, Rh or ABO incompatibility

Coombs negative

  • Intrinsic red cell disease
    • Abnormal hemoglobin: sickle cell disease, thalassemia, methemoglobinemia
    • Membrane defect: hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
    • Enzyme defect: G6PD deficiency, pyruvate kinase deficiency
  • Extrinsic disease
    • Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic uremic syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, prosthetic valve hemolysis, metastatic adenocarcinoma, vasculitis, malignant hypertension, HELLP syndrome
    • Splenic sequestration
    • Infection: malaria, Clostridium, Borrelia
    • Burns

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