Diagnosaurus
Orthopnea or nocturnal dyspnea
DDx
- Congestive heart failure (CHF) (left-sided)
- Asthma
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Sleep apnea
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Last updated: December 1, 2014
Citation
Zeiger, Roni F.. "Orthopnea or Nocturnal Dyspnea." Diagnosaurus, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill Education, 2014. Medicine Central, im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114601/all/Orthopnea_or_nocturnal_dyspnea.
Zeiger RFR. Orthopnea or nocturnal dyspnea. Diagnosaurus. McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114601/all/Orthopnea_or_nocturnal_dyspnea. Accessed December 18, 2024.
Zeiger, R. F. (2014). Orthopnea or nocturnal dyspnea. In Diagnosaurus (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114601/all/Orthopnea_or_nocturnal_dyspnea
Zeiger RFR. Orthopnea or Nocturnal Dyspnea [Internet]. In: Diagnosaurus. McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. [cited 2024 December 18]. Available from: https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114601/all/Orthopnea_or_nocturnal_dyspnea.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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PB - McGraw-Hill Education
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DB - Medicine Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
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