Congestive heart failure
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Etiology
Left ventricular failure
- Ischemic cardiomyopathy (eg, myocardial infarction)
- Hypertension
- Cardiomyopathy (eg, idiopathic, alcoholic)
- Valvular disease (eg, aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, mitral regurgitation)
- Volume overload including thiazolidinediones, eg, rosiglitazone
- Arrhythmia, eg, atrial fibrillation
- High-output states
- Chagas’ disease
- Usually left ventricular failure (left-sided congestive heart failure)
- Cor pulmonale (right heart failure due to pulmonary disease)
- Chronic pulmonary embolism
- Right-sided valve disease
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
- Hypertension
- Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- Diabetes
- Hyperthyroidism
- Severe anemia
- Arteriovenous shunting
- Paget’s disease of the bone
- Beriberi
- Hepatic hemangiomatosis
- Sepsis
- Carcinoid
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
Etiology
Left ventricular failure
- Ischemic cardiomyopathy (eg, myocardial infarction)
- Hypertension
- Cardiomyopathy (eg, idiopathic, alcoholic)
- Valvular disease (eg, aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, mitral regurgitation)
- Volume overload including thiazolidinediones, eg, rosiglitazone
- Arrhythmia, eg, atrial fibrillation
- High-output states
- Chagas’ disease
- Usually left ventricular failure (left-sided congestive heart failure)
- Cor pulmonale (right heart failure due to pulmonary disease)
- Chronic pulmonary embolism
- Right-sided valve disease
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
- Hypertension
- Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- Diabetes
- Hyperthyroidism
- Severe anemia
- Arteriovenous shunting
- Paget’s disease of the bone
- Beriberi
- Hepatic hemangiomatosis
- Sepsis
- Carcinoid
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