Diagnosaurus
Hyponatremia
Etiology
Isotonic hyponatremia or pseudohyponatremia (normal serum osmolality; artifact corrected in most U.S. labs)
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hyperproteinemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, maltose
- Radiocontrast agents
- Extrarenal salt loss (UNa+ < 10 meq/L): dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting
- Renal salt loss (UNa+ >20 meq/L): diuretics, ACE inhibitors, nephropathies, mineralocorticoid deficiency, cerebral sodium-wasting syndrome
- Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
- Postoperative hyponatremia
- Hypothyroidism
- Psychogenic polydipsia
- Beer potomania
- Idiosyncratic drug reaction (thiazides, ACE inhibitors)
- Endurance exercise
- Congestive heart failure
- Liver disease
- Nephrotic syndrome (rare)
- Advanced renal failure
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Last updated: December 1, 2014
Citation
Zeiger, Roni F.. "Hyponatremia." Diagnosaurus, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill Education, 2014. Medicine Central, im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114273/all/Hyponatremia.
Zeiger RFR. Hyponatremia. Diagnosaurus. McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114273/all/Hyponatremia. Accessed July 20, 2025.
Zeiger, R. F. (2014). Hyponatremia. In Diagnosaurus (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114273/all/Hyponatremia
Zeiger RFR. Hyponatremia [Internet]. In: Diagnosaurus. McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. [cited 2025 July 20]. Available from: https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114273/all/Hyponatremia.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Hyponatremia
ID - 114273
A1 - Zeiger,Roni F,
Y1 - 2014/12/01/
BT - Diagnosaurus
UR - https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114273/all/Hyponatremia
PB - McGraw-Hill Education
ET - 4
DB - Medicine Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -
