Hyponatremia
To view the entire topic, please log in or purchase a subscription.
Medicine Central™ is a quick-consult mobile and web resource that includes diagnosis, treatment, medications, and follow-up information on over 700 diseases and disorders, providing fast answers—anytime, anywhere. Explore these free sample topics:
-- The first section of this topic is shown below --
Etiology
Isotonic hyponatremia or pseudohyponatremia (normal serum osmolality; artifact corrected in most U.S. labs)
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hyperproteinemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, maltose
- Radiocontrast agents
- Extrarenal salt loss (UNa+ < 10 meq/L): dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting
- Renal salt loss (UNa+ >20 meq/L): diuretics, ACE inhibitors, nephropathies, mineralocorticoid deficiency, cerebral sodium-wasting syndrome
- Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
- Postoperative hyponatremia
- Hypothyroidism
- Psychogenic polydipsia
- Beer potomania
- Idiosyncratic drug reaction (thiazides, ACE inhibitors)
- Endurance exercise
- Congestive heart failure
- Liver disease
- Nephrotic syndrome (rare)
- Advanced renal failure
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
Etiology
Isotonic hyponatremia or pseudohyponatremia (normal serum osmolality; artifact corrected in most U.S. labs)
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hyperproteinemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, maltose
- Radiocontrast agents
- Extrarenal salt loss (UNa+ < 10 meq/L): dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting
- Renal salt loss (UNa+ >20 meq/L): diuretics, ACE inhibitors, nephropathies, mineralocorticoid deficiency, cerebral sodium-wasting syndrome
- Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
- Postoperative hyponatremia
- Hypothyroidism
- Psychogenic polydipsia
- Beer potomania
- Idiosyncratic drug reaction (thiazides, ACE inhibitors)
- Endurance exercise
- Congestive heart failure
- Liver disease
- Nephrotic syndrome (rare)
- Advanced renal failure
There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.