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    Hyponatremia

    Hyponatremia is a topic covered in the Diagnosaurus.

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    Etiology

    Isotonic hyponatremia or pseudohyponatremia (normal serum osmolality; artifact corrected in most U.S. labs)

    • Hyperlipidemia
    • Hyperproteinemia
    Hypertonic hyponatremia (serum osmolality >295 mosm/kg)
    • Hyperglycemia
    • Mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, maltose
    • Radiocontrast agents
    Hypotonic hyponatremia (serum osmolality < 280 mosm/kg)Hypovolemic
    • Extrarenal salt loss (UNa+ < 10 meq/L): dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting
    • Renal salt loss (UNa+ >20 meq/L): diuretics, ACE inhibitors, nephropathies, mineralocorticoid deficiency, cerebral sodium-wasting syndrome
    Euvolemic
    • Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
    • Postoperative hyponatremia
    • Hypothyroidism
    • Psychogenic polydipsia
    • Beer potomania
    • Idiosyncratic drug reaction (thiazides, ACE inhibitors)
    • Endurance exercise
    Hypervolemic (edematous states)
    • Congestive heart failure
    • Liver disease
    • Nephrotic syndrome (rare)
    • Advanced renal failure

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    Last updated: December 1, 2014

    Citation

    Zeiger, Roni F.. "Hyponatremia." Diagnosaurus, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill Education, 2014. Medicine Central, im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114273/all/Hyponatremia.
    Zeiger RF. Hyponatremia. Diagnosaurus. 4th ed. McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114273/all/Hyponatremia. Accessed April 24, 2019.
    Zeiger, R. F. (2014). Hyponatremia. In Diagnosaurus. Available from https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114273/all/Hyponatremia
    Zeiger RF. Hyponatremia [Internet]. In: Diagnosaurus. McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. [cited 2019 April 24]. Available from: https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114273/all/Hyponatremia.
    * Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
    TY - ELEC T1 - Hyponatremia ID - 114273 A1 - Zeiger,Roni F, Y1 - 2014/12/01/ BT - Diagnosaurus UR - https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114273/all/Hyponatremia PB - McGraw-Hill Education ET - 4 DB - Medicine Central DP - Unbound Medicine ER -