Anthrax

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DDx

Cutaneous anthrax

  • Ecthyma gangrenosum (neutropenic, pseudomonal)
  • Tularemia
  • Plague
  • Brown recluse spider bite
  • Aspergillosis or mucormycosis
  • Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
  • Warfarin necrosis
  • Rat-bite fever
  • Rickettsialpox
  • Orf (parapoxvirus infection)
  • Cutaneous mycobacterial infection
  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Inhalational anthrax
  • Influenza
  • Bacterial mediastinitis
  • Fibrous mediastinitis due to histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, atypical or viral pneumonia, silicosis, sarcoidosis
  • Other causes of mediastinal widening, e.g., ruptured aortic aneurysm, lymphoma, superior vena cava syndrome
  • Tuberculosis

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DDx

Cutaneous anthrax

  • Ecthyma gangrenosum (neutropenic, pseudomonal)
  • Tularemia
  • Plague
  • Brown recluse spider bite
  • Aspergillosis or mucormycosis
  • Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
  • Warfarin necrosis
  • Rat-bite fever
  • Rickettsialpox
  • Orf (parapoxvirus infection)
  • Cutaneous mycobacterial infection
  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Inhalational anthrax
  • Influenza
  • Bacterial mediastinitis
  • Fibrous mediastinitis due to histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, atypical or viral pneumonia, silicosis, sarcoidosis
  • Other causes of mediastinal widening, e.g., ruptured aortic aneurysm, lymphoma, superior vena cava syndrome
  • Tuberculosis

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