Keratosis, Seborrheic
Basics
Description
- Common benign tumor of the epidermis formed from proliferation of keratinocytes
- Frequently appears in multiples on the head, neck, and trunk (sparing the palms and soles) of older individuals but may occur on any hair-bearing area of the body
- Typically presents as multiple, well-circumscribed, yellow to brown raised lesions that feel greasy, velvety, or warty; usually described as having a “stuck-on” appearance
- Clinical variants include the following:
- Common seborrheic keratosis
- Dermatosis papulosa nigra
- Stucco keratosis
- Flat seborrheic keratosis
- Pedunculated seborrheic keratosis
- Synonym(s): SK, verruca seborrhoica; seborrheic wart; senile wart; basal cell papilloma; verruca senilis; benign acanthokeratoma; barnacles of aging
Epidemiology
Incidence
- Predominant age: appear most commonly in those aged 31 to 50 years, and incidence increases with age, peaking at age 60 years
- Predominant sex: slightly more common and more extensive involvement in males
- Most common among Caucasians, except for the dermatosis papulosa nigra variant, which usually presents in darker skinned individuals
Prevalence
- 69–100% in patients >50 years of age
- The prevalence rate increases with advancing age.
Etiology and Pathophysiology
- Etiology remains largely unclear with ultraviolet (UV) light and genetics thought to be involved.
- The role of human papillomavirus is uncertain.
Genetics
An autosomal dominant inheritance pattern is suggested.
Risk Factors
- Advanced age
- Exposure to UV light and genetic predisposition are the possible factors.
General Prevention
Sun protection methods may help prevent seborrheic keratoses from developing.
Commonly Associated Conditions
- Sign of Leser-Trélat: a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by a rapid outbreak of multiple seborrheic keratoses often associated with an internal malignancy, most commonly adenocarcinoma; seborrheic keratosis may resolve with treatment of the malignancy and reappear with neoplasm recurrence.
- Documentation of other cutaneous lesions, such as basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, or squamous cell carcinoma, growing adjacent to or within a seborrheic keratosis, has been reported. The exact relationship between lesions is unclear.
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Citation
Domino, Frank J., et al., editors. "Keratosis, Seborrheic." 5-Minute Clinical Consult, 33rd ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2025. Medicine Central, im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688483/all/Keratosis__Seborrheic.
Keratosis, Seborrheic. In: Domino FJF, Baldor RAR, Golding JJ, et al, eds. 5-Minute Clinical Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2025. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688483/all/Keratosis__Seborrheic. Accessed November 23, 2024.
Keratosis, Seborrheic. (2025). In Domino, F. J., Baldor, R. A., Golding, J., & Stephens, M. B. (Eds.), 5-Minute Clinical Consult (33rd ed.). Wolters Kluwer. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688483/all/Keratosis__Seborrheic
Keratosis, Seborrheic [Internet]. In: Domino FJF, Baldor RAR, Golding JJ, Stephens MBM, editors. 5-Minute Clinical Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2025. [cited 2024 November 23]. Available from: https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688483/all/Keratosis__Seborrheic.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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T1 - Keratosis, Seborrheic
ID - 1688483
ED - Domino,Frank J,
ED - Baldor,Robert A,
ED - Golding,Jeremy,
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BT - 5-Minute Clinical Consult, Updating
UR - https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688483/all/Keratosis__Seborrheic
PB - Wolters Kluwer
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DB - Medicine Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
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