Hordeolum (Stye)
Hordeolum (Stye) is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Clinical Consult.
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Basics
Description
- An acute inflammation or infection of the eyelid margin involving the sebaceous gland of an eyelash (external hordeolum) or a meibomian gland (internal hordeolum)
- System(s) affected: skin/exocrine
- Synonym(s): internal hordeolum; external hordeolum; zeisian sty; meibomian stye; stye
Epidemiology
- Predominant age: none
- Predominant sex: male = female
Incidence
Unknown: Although external hordeolum is common, internal hordeolum is rare.
Etiology and Pathophysiology
- Bacterial infection of sweat or sebaceous glands, causing an acute inflammatory reaction
- In an internal hordeolum, the meibomian gland may become obstructed, leading to a pustule on the conjunctival surface as opposed to the margin of the eyelid.
- Most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (~90–95% of all cases) or by Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Seborrhea can predispose to infections of the eyelid.
Genetics
No known genetic pattern
Risk Factors
- Poor eyelid hygiene
- Previous hordeolum
- Contact lens wearers
- Application of makeup
- Seborrheic dermatitis
- Predisposing blepharitis (low-grade infections of the eyelid margin)
- Ocular rosacea
General Prevention
Eyelid hygiene
Commonly Associated Conditions
- Acne
- Seborrhea
- An association may exist between hordeolum during childhood and developing rosacea in adulthood.
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Citation
Stephens, Mark B., et al., editors. "Hordeolum (Stye)." 5-Minute Clinical Consult, 27th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2019. Medicine Central, im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116285/all/Hordeolum__Stye_.
Hordeolum (Stye). In: Stephens MB, Golding J, Baldor RA, et al, eds. 5-Minute Clinical Consult. 27th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116285/all/Hordeolum__Stye_. Accessed October 15, 2019.
Hordeolum (Stye). (2019). In Stephens, M. B., Golding, J., Baldor, R. A., & Domino, F. J. (Eds.), 5-Minute Clinical Consult. Available from https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116285/all/Hordeolum__Stye_
Hordeolum (Stye) [Internet]. In: Stephens MB, Golding J, Baldor RA, Domino FJ, editors. 5-Minute Clinical Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. [cited 2019 October 15]. Available from: https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116285/all/Hordeolum__Stye_.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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