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    Hordeolum (Stye)

    Hordeolum (Stye) is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Clinical Consult.

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    Basics

    Description

    • An acute inflammation or infection of the eyelid margin involving the sebaceous gland of an eyelash (external hordeolum) or a meibomian gland (internal hordeolum)
    • System(s) affected: skin/exocrine
    • Synonym(s): internal hordeolum; external hordeolum; zeisian sty; meibomian stye; stye

    Epidemiology

    • Predominant age: none
    • Predominant sex: male = female

    Incidence
    Unknown: Although external hordeolum is common, internal hordeolum is rare.

    Etiology and Pathophysiology

    • Bacterial infection of sweat or sebaceous glands, causing an acute inflammatory reaction
    • In an internal hordeolum, the meibomian gland may become obstructed, leading to a pustule on the conjunctival surface as opposed to the margin of the eyelid.
    • Most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (~90–95% of all cases) or by Staphylococcus epidermidis
    • Seborrhea can predispose to infections of the eyelid.

    Genetics
    No known genetic pattern

    Risk Factors

    • Poor eyelid hygiene
    • Previous hordeolum
    • Contact lens wearers
    • Application of makeup
    • Seborrheic dermatitis
    • Predisposing blepharitis (low-grade infections of the eyelid margin)
    • Ocular rosacea

    General Prevention

    Eyelid hygiene

    Commonly Associated Conditions

    • Acne
    • Seborrhea
    • An association may exist between hordeolum during childhood and developing rosacea in adulthood.

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    Citation

    Stephens, Mark B., et al., editors. "Hordeolum (Stye)." 5-Minute Clinical Consult, 27th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2019. Medicine Central, im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116285/all/Hordeolum__Stye_.
    Hordeolum (Stye). In: Stephens MB, Golding J, Baldor RA, et al, eds. 5-Minute Clinical Consult. 27th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116285/all/Hordeolum__Stye_. Accessed April 26, 2019.
    Hordeolum (Stye). (2019). In Stephens, M. B., Golding, J., Baldor, R. A., & Domino, F. J. (Eds.), 5-Minute Clinical Consult. Available from https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116285/all/Hordeolum__Stye_
    Hordeolum (Stye) [Internet]. In: Stephens MB, Golding J, Baldor RA, Domino FJ, editors. 5-Minute Clinical Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. [cited 2019 April 26]. Available from: https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116285/all/Hordeolum__Stye_.
    * Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
    TY - ELEC T1 - Hordeolum (Stye) ID - 116285 ED - Stephens,Mark B, ED - Golding,Jeremy, ED - Baldor,Robert A, ED - Domino,Frank J, BT - 5-Minute Clinical Consult, Updating UR - https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116285/all/Hordeolum__Stye_ PB - Wolters Kluwer ET - 27 DB - Medicine Central DP - Unbound Medicine ER -