The 5-Minute Clinical Consult

Title Page

The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2023, 31st Edition
Copyright © 2023 WOLTERS KLUWER. All rights reserved.

Editors

Editor-in-Chief

Frank J. Domino, MD
Professor and Director of Predoctoral Education
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Associate Editors

Robert A. Baldor, MD, FAAFP
Professor and Founding Chair
Department of Family Medicine
UMass Chan Medical School-Baystate
Springfield, Massachusetts
Designated Institutional Official
Baystate Franklin Medical Center
Greenfield, Massachusetts

Kathleen A. Barry, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
Hahnemann Family Health Center
Worcester, Massachusetts

Jeremy Golding, MD, FAAFP
Professor of Family Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Quality Officer
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care
Hahnemann Family Health Center
Worcester, Massachusetts

Mark B. Stephens, MD, MS, FAAFP
Interim Associate Dean for Medical Education
Professor of Family and Community Medicine
Professor of Humanities
Penn State College of Medicine
University Park, Pennsylvania

Dedication

This year’s edition is dedicated to the steady stewards of health care who continue to battle the COVID-19 pandemic. To each of you who have stayed late, worked an extra shift, shared a meal, shared a story, and shed a tear—thank you for your dedication to doing what is right. Thank you for humbly appreciating a time when “health care heroes” were serenaded and applauded. Thank you for continuing to stand tall when (paradoxically) those same health care workers were verbally abused and confronted for continuing to do what is right. Thank you for getting vaccinated. Thank you for encouraging others to get vaccinated. Thank you for supporting science over vitriol and partisan noise. Thank you for embodying your professional oaths while never ceasing to serve others. You are noticed, and you are appreciated.

Mom, Dad, Trevor, Abby, Patty—thanks. I love you.

Mark B. StephenS, MD, MS, FAAFP

Evidence-Based Medicine

WHAT IS EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE?

We used to treat every otitis media with antibiotics. These recommendations came about because we applied logical reasoning to observational studies. If bacteria cause an acute otitis media, then antibiotics should help it resolve sooner, with less morbidity. Yet, when rigorously studied (via a systematic review), we found little benefit to this intervention.

The underlying premise of EBM is the evaluation of medical interventions and the literature that supports those interventions in a systematic fashion. EBM hopes to encourage treatments proven to be effective and safe. And when insufficient data exist, it hopes to inform you on how to safely proceed.

EBM uses end points of real patient outcomes, morbidity, mortality, and risk. It focuses less on intermediate outcomes (bone density) and more on patient conditions (hip fractures).

Implementing EBM requires three components: the best medical evidence, the skill and experience of the provider, and the values of the patients. Should this patient be screened for prostate cancer? It depends on what is known about the test, on what you know of its benefits and harms, your ability to communicate that information, and that patient’s informed choice.

This book hopes to address the first EBM component, providing you access to the best information in a quick format. Although not every test or treatment has this level of detail, many of the included interventions here use systematic review literature support.

The language of medical statistics is useful in interpreting the concepts of EBM. Below is a list of these terms, with examples to help take the confusion and mystery out of their use.

Prevalence: proportion of people in a population who have a disease (in the United States, 0.3% [3 in 1,000] people >50 years have colon cancer)

Incidence: how many new cases of a disease occur in a population during an interval of time; for example, “The estimated incidence of colon cancer in the United States is 104,000 in 2005.”

Sensitivity: percentage of people with disease who test positive; for mammography, the sensitivity is 71–96%.

Specificity: percentage of people without disease who test negative; for mammography, the specificity is 94–97%.

Suppose you saw ML, a 53-year-old woman, for a health maintenance visit, ordered a screening mammogram, and the report demonstrates an irregular area of microcalcifications. She is waiting in your office to receive her test results, what can you tell her?

Sensitivity and specificity refer to people who are known to have disease (sensitivity) or those who are known not to have disease (specificity). But what you have is an abnormal test result. To better explain this result to ML, you need the positive predictive value.

Positive predictive value (PPV): percentage of positive test results that are truly positive; the PPV for a woman aged 50 to 59 years is approximately 22%. That is to say that only 22% of abnormal screening mammograms in this group truly identified cancer. The other 78% are false positives.

You can tell ML only 1 out of 5 abnormal mammograms correctly identifies cancer; the other 4 are false positives, but the only way to know which mammogram is correct is to do further testing.

The corollary of the PPV is the negative predictive value (NPV), which is the percentage of negative test results that are truly negative.

The PPV and NPV tests are population dependent, whereas the sensitivity and specificity are characteristics of the test and have little to do with the patient in front of you. So when you receive an abnormal lab result, especially a screening test such as mammography, understand their limits based on their PPV and NPV.

Treatment information is a little different. In discerning the statistics of randomized controlled trials of interventions, first consider an example. The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) (Lancet. 1994;344[8934]:1383–1389) found using simvastatin in patients at high risk for heart disease for 5 years resulted in death for 8% of simvastatin patients versus 12% of those on placebo; this results in a relative risk of 0.70, a relative risk reduction of 33%, and a number needed to treat of 25.

There are two ways of considering the benefits of an intervention with respect to a given outcome. The absolute risk reduction is the difference in the percentage of people with the condition before and after the intervention. Thus, if the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) was 12% for the placebo group and 8% for the simvastatin group, the absolute risk reduction is 4% (12% - 8% = 4%).

The relative risk reduction reflects the improvement in the outcome as a percentage of the original rate and is commonly used to exaggerate the benefit of an intervention. Thus, if the risk of MI were reduced by simvastatin from 12% to 8%, then the relative risk reduction would be 33% (4% / 12% = 33%); 33% sounds better than 4%, but the 4% is the absolute risk reduction and reflects the true outcome.

Absolute risk reduction is usually a better measure of clinical significance of an intervention. For instance, in one study, the treatment of mild hypertension has been shown to have relative risk reduction of 40% over 5 years (40% fewer strokes in the treated group). However, the absolute risk reduction was only 1.3%. Because mild hypertension is not strongly associated with strokes, aggressive treatment of mild hypertension yields only a small clinical benefit. Don’t confuse relative risk reduction with relative risk.

Absolute (or attributable) risk (AR): the percentage of people in the placebo or intervention group who reach an end point; in the 4S, the absolute risk of death was 8%.

Relative risk (RR): the risk of disease of those treated or exposed to some intervention (i.e., simvastatin) divided by those in the placebo group or who were untreated

• If RR is ,1.0, it reduces risk—the smaller the number, the greater the risk reduction.

• If RR is .1.0, it increases risk—the greater the number, the greater the risk increase.

Hazard ratio (HR): the probability of an event in a treatment group versus the probability of events in a control group at a given time (can be calculated at any time in the study; often applied to observational data); like RR, if HR is statistically < 1.0, it reduces risk; if >1.0, it increases risk.

Relative risk reduction (RRR): the relative decrease in risk of an end point compared to the percentage of that end point in the placebo group

If you are still confused, just remember that the RRR is an overestimation of the actual effect.

Number needed to treat (NNT): This is the number of people who need to be treated by an intervention to prevent one adverse outcome. A “good” NNT can be a large number (>100) if risk of serious outcome is great. If the risk of an outcome is not that dangerous, then lower (< 25) NNTs are preferred.

The NNT should be compared to a similar statistic, the number needed to harm (NNH). This is the number of people who have to be given treatment before one excess side effect or harm occurs. When the NNT is compared to the NNH, you and the patient can judge whether the benefit of the intervention is great enough to outweigh the risk of harm.

EVIDENCED-BASED GRADING

To help you interpret diagnostic and treatment recommendations within The 5-Minute Clinical Consult, we have graded the best information within the text and highlighted this content.

An “A” grade means the reference is from the highest quality resource, such as a systematic review. A systematic review is a summary of the medical literature on a given topic that uses strict, explicit methods to perform a thorough search of the literature and then provides a critical appraisal of individual studies, concluding in a recommendation. The most prestigious collection of systematic reviews is from the Cochrane Collaboration (www.cochrane.org).

A “B” grade means the data referenced comes from high-quality randomized controlled trials performed to minimize bias in their outcome. Bias is anything that interferes with the truth; in the medical literature, it is often unintentional, but it is much more common than we appreciate. In short, always assume some degree of bias exist in any research endeavor.

A “C” grade implies the reference used does not meet the A or B requirements; they are often treatments recommended by consensus groups (such as the American Cancer Society). In some cases, they may be the standards of care. But implicit in a group’s recommendation is the bias of the author or the group that supports the reference.

BIAS

Bias is anything that interferes with the truth. There are many types of bias that should be considered by the publishers of medical information. Below describes a number of bias types that often affect our care without us knowing it is present.

Publication bias occurs when research is not published. The motivation to publish information that “didn’t work” is low. It is estimated up to 40% of all medical research never gets published. When you read of an effective intervention, wonder if other studies did not show benefit and went unpublished.

Comparator bias occurs when research compares an intervention to not the standard of care. Knowing a new treatment is more effective than placebo for treating a condition is not helpful if you typically use a drug or procedure. Why not study comparing the new to the standard of care? Sometimes, the new treatment is no better than the current standard. And if a study was done to see if the new is better than the old and not published, you have an example of publication bias.

Selection bias involves choosing study populations that might be different than the average patient or just reporting a just subset of study participants from a study. Either will result in the data being skewed because it can only be applied to small subset of people.

Attrition bias and the concept of intention to treat. Attrition bias is when researchers address how a study deals with participants who do not adhere to the research protocol or drop out completely. Intention to treat analysis hopes to diminish attrition bias by statistically considering the nonadhering or dropped out patients as unsuccessfully benefiting from the intervention.

Commercial (funder) bias involves who paid for the research being done, and do they have a vested interest in the outcome. If the developer of a new drug does a large study, or a researcher has a personal financial interest in seeing a study succeed, they may consciously or unconsciously alter what is reported. The data may be accurate, but until this is studied by less vested interests, it is difficult to accept the conclusions.

A systematic review gathers all the literature on a topic, say using antibiotics to treat otitis media, and combines the data to determine if the sum of all the trials tells a different story than any single trial. The large number of participants in this type of research results in a much more statistically (and clinically) significant conclusion than any single paper.

A meta-analysis is a quantitative systematic review and demonstrates its outcomes in the form of a forest plot. The interpretation of a forest plot is to look for the diamond on the bottom. If it is totally to LEFT of the vertical line, it means risk of an outcome was reduced by the intervention. If it is fully to the RIGHT, then risk of that outcome was increased. And if the diamond touches the vertical line, it means there was no statistical influence of the intervention on the outcome.

We hope this brief introduction to EBM has been informative, clear, and helpful. If any of the information above seems unclear, or if you have a question, please contact us via www.5MinuteConsult.com.

Acknowledgments

This is the 31st edition of The 5-Minute Clinical Consult, a comprehensive point-of-care tool to assist in the care of patients. From beginning to end, one cannot find a more current and easy-to-use collection of clinically useful content.

Developing and maintaining a book and Web site of this magnitude requires an equally broad effort from its supporting team. I wish to thank the dedication and tireless efforts of many: Rebecca Schmidt, director, medical practice; Leanne Vandetty, content managing editor; Thomas Celona, development editor; Joe Cho, acquisitions editor; and Lisa McAllister, publisher.

This 2023 edition is the direct result of the dedication and insights of our associate editors. I wish to thank Drs. Robert A. Baldor, Jeremy Golding, Mark B. Stephens, and Kathleen A. Barry for their hard work and overwhelming commitment to The 5-Minute Clinical Consult.

I wish to especially thank my wife, Sylvia, and my daughter, Molly, who have given greatly for this book.

The challenge of completing a book covering this broad spectrum of medicine requires insights and skills far beyond my own. Many thanks to my mentors, Bob Baldor and Mark Quirk, who have been an enormous support—always there to encourage, reassure, and impart wisdom.

Many in the academic and health care worlds are due thanks for support, insight, and friendship:

M. Diane McKee, Michele Pugnaire, Karen Rayla, Maryanne Adams, Jennifer Masoud, Phil Fournier, Erik Garcia, Jeff Stovall, Jim Comes, Leah Honor, J. Herb Stevenson, Michael Kidd, Zainab Nawab, Sanjiv and Amita Chopra, Vasilios (Bill) Chrisostomidis, James (Jay) Broadhurst, Christina Kim, Madhavi Medipally, the staff of Shrewsbury Family Medicine, Deb Huchowski, Joyce Paquette, Kate Peasha, Priscila Velez, Fanny Rodriguez, Meghan Plaza, Angie Dell’Ovo, Brittany McLean, Joseph Frappier, Mark Powicki, Steve Messineo, Jill Terrien, Susan Feeney, Rick Watson and Sara Floros, and the faculty and amazing students of the University of Massachusetts Medical School.

Medicine is a challenge I have fortunately not had to meet alone. Thanks to my parents, Frank and Angela (Jean); my brother, John, and his family, Marylou, Cate, and Jane; Frank, Mary Anne, Diane, and David Christian; the Diana and Hymie Lipschitz family; and the Bob and Ruth Pabreza family; they are responsible for who I am and my success in life.

I am blessed with the best of friends; without them, I would not be a physician. Thanks to Bob Bacic; Ron Jautz; Richard Onorato; John Horcher; Auguste Turnier; Bob Smith; Paul Saivetz; Bob and Nancy Gallinaro; Drew and Jill Grimes; Louay Toma; Laurie, Alan, Daniel, Jenny, and Matt Bugos; Alan Ehrlich; Andy Jennings; Bill Demianiuk; John and Kathleen Polanowicz; Phil and Carol Pettine; Mark and Linda Shelton; Steve Bennett; Vicki Triolo; and Bob and Laurie Jenal.

— Frank J. Domino, MD

Contributing Authors

Francisca Abanyie-Bimbo, MD, MPH
Medical Epidemiologist
Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria—Malaria Branch
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, Georgia

Zainab Abbas, MD
PGY2 Dermatology Resident
Department of Dermatology
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Adil Abdalla, MD
Department of Gastroenterology
CHI Health
Omaha, Nebraska

Daniel Abelev, MD
Resident Physician, PGY2
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Penn State Health
State College, Pennsylvania

Thomas L. Abell, MD
The Arthur M. Schoen, MD Chair in Gastroenterology
Department of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky

Arabelle Abellard, MD, MSc
Resident Physician
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Illinois at Chicago/Advocate Christ Medical Center
Oak Lawn, Illinois

Heran Abiye, MD, BS
Resident Physician
Department of Family Medicine
HCA Medical City Arlington
Arlington, Texas

Hanadi Abou Dargham, MD
Associate Program Director
Department of Family Medicine
St. Joseph’s Medical Center
Stockton, California

Ronald N. Adler, MD, FAAFP
Associate Professor
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Radhika Agarwal, MD
Resident Physician
Department of Family Medicine
AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital
Chicago Chicago, Illinois

Faraz Ahmad, MD, MPH^†
Assistant Clinical Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio

Hiba Ahmad, PharmD, BCOP^†
Clinical Oncology Pharmacist
Department of Pharmacy
Yale-New Haven Hospital
New Haven, Connecticut

Aliyah Ahmed, DO
Resident Physician
Department of Family Medicine
Advocate Christ Medical Center
Oak Lawn, Illinois

Saeed Ahmed, MD
Addiction Psychiatrist
Department of Psychiatry
Rutland Regional Medical Center
Rutland, Vermont

Yasir Ahmed, MD
Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgeon
Houston, Texas

Yousef Ahmed, MD^†Undersea Medical Officer
Naval Special Warfare Group ONE
Coronado, California

Assim M. AlAbdulKader, MD, MPH, FAAFP
Assistant Professor and Consultant
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University College of Medicine
Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Karla M. Alba, MD
Department of Family and Community Medicine
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas

Ahmed Aldabdob, MD
Internal Medicine
Flint, Michigan

Abdul Aleem, MD^†Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Department of Internal Medicine
Lehigh Valley Health Network
Allentown, Pennsylvania

John Motley Alford, DO
Core Faculty
Department of Family Medicine
Mercy Health Anderson Hospital Family and Community Residency Program
Cincinnati, Ohio

Dureshahwar Ali, DO
Resident Physician
Advocate Lutheran General Hospital
Park Ridge, Illinois

Fozia Akhtar Ali, MD, FAAFP
Diplomat of American Board of Obesity Medicine

Yousef Ahmed, MD
Associate Professor
Family and Community Medicine Department
UT Health San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas

Sarah Ali, MD
Department of Family Medicine
Memorial Family Medicine Residency Program
Sugar Land, Texas

Richard W. Allinson, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Ophthalmology
Texas A&M Health Science Center
Bryan, Texas
Baylor Scott & White Health
Waco, Texas

Lolwa Al-Obaid, MD
Resident Physician
Department of Internal Medicine
Lahey Hospital & Medical Center
Burlington, Massachusetts

Maureen Alvarado, DO
Assistant Professor/Clinical Department of Family and Community Medicine
UT Health San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas

Alyce D. Alven, OD, MS
Optometrist
Baylor Scott & White Health
Waco, Texas

Alyssa Anderson, MD
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Kathryn E. Anderson, DO
Resident
Department of Family Medicine
Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio

Garland E. Anderson II, MD
Associate Clinical Professor
Department of Rural Family Medicine
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans
New Orleans, Louisiana

Jessica Z. Andrade, DO
Fellow Physician
Department of Sports Medicine
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Pavan Annamaraju, MD
Consultant Nephrologist BalladHealth
Abingdon, Virginia

Katyayini Aribindi, MD
Assistant Chief of Service
Division of General Medicine
McGovern Medical School
Houston, Texas

Ann M. Aring, MD, FAAFP
Associate Program Director
Department of Family Medicine Residency
OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital
Columbus, Ohio

James J. Arnold, DO, FACOFP^†
Director of Medical Education
96th Medical Group/Eglin Hospital
Eglin Air Force Base, Florida

Michael J. Arnold, MD^†
Assistant Professor
Department of Family Medicine
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Bethesda, Maryland

Maximos Attia, MD, FAAFP
Associate Professor
Department of Family Medicine
Guthrie
Sayre, Pennsylvania

Sandra S. Augusto, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
Faculty
Family Medicine Residency Program
Full Spectrum Family Medicine Clinician with Obstetrics
Barre Family Health Center
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
University of Massachusetts
Worcester, Massachusetts

Sudeep K. Aulakh, MD, FACP, FRCPC
Director, Ambulatory Education
Baystate Internal Medicine Residency
Assistant Professor
UMass Chan Medical School-Baystate
Springfield, Massachusetts

Swati B. Avashia, MD, FAAP, FACP
Assistant Professor
Department of Population Health
Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas

Ben Ayotte, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor
Division of Hospital Medicine
Michigan Medicine
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Jennifer L. Ayres, PhD
Director of Behavioral Health Services
Family Medicine Residency Program
Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas

Sanaa Ayyoub, MD
Endocrinologist
Dartmouth-Hitchcock
Manchester, New Hampshire

Rehan Azeem, MD
Physician
Department of UHS Family Medicine
United Health Services
Johnson City, New York

Holly L. Baab, MD
Associate Director
Family Medicine Residency
Bayfront Health
St. Petersburg, Florida

Franklyn C. Babb, MD, FAAFP
Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Texas Tech University
Health Sciences Center School of Medicine
Lubbock, Texas

Elisabeth L. Backer, MD
Clinical Associate Professor
Department of Family Medicine
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska

Melissa E. Badowski, PharmD, MPH
Clinical Associate Professor
Department of Pharmacy Practice
University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy
Chicago, Illinois

Margo L. Bailey-Leatherwood, MD, MS
Resident
Family Medicine
Advocate Christ Medical Center
Oak Lawn, Illinois

Angela Baker, DO
Cornelius, North Carolina

Maryse Emmerencia Bakouetila, MD
Irving, Texas

Robert A. Baldor, MD, FAAFP
Professor and Founding Chair
Department of Family Medicine
UMass Chan Medical School-Baystate
Springfield, Massachusetts
Designated Institutional Official
Baystate Franklin Medical Center
Greenfield, Massachusetts

Jonathan R. Ballard, MD, MPH, MPhil, FACPM^†Associate Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Department of Psychiatry
The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice
Lebanon, New Hampshire
Associate Professor
Department of Community and Family Medicine
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
Hanover, New Hampshire

Kenneth A. Ballou, MD
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
Department of Family Medicine
University of California at Riverside School of Medicine
Riverside, California

Laurel Banach, MD
Resident Physician
Department of Family Medicine
UMass Memorial Medical Center
Worcester, Massachusetts

Huma Baqir, MD
Resident Physician
Department of Psychiatry
University at Buffalo
Buffalo, New York

Krishna Baradhi, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Nephrology
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Tulsa, Oklahoma

Elise Joyce Barney, DO
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Arizona College of Medicine
Phoenix, Arizona

John P. Barrett, MD, MPH, MS^†
COL, MC, USA
Adjunct Associate Professor
Deputy Director
Uniformed Services University
War Related Illness and Injury Study Center
Washington DC VA Medical Center
Washington, District of Columbia

Kathleen A. Barry, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
Hahnemann Family Health Center
Worcester, Massachusetts

Rosario Bartolomeo, DO
Oak Lawn, Illinois

Khalid Bashir, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Medicine
Creighton University
Omaha, Nebraska

Stuart H. Batten, MD^†Faculty Physician
Department of Family Medicine
Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center
Fort Hood, Texas

Tricia Bautista, MD
Family Medicine Residency Program
Resident Physician
Adventist Health Hanford
Hanford, California

Maisam T. Begum, MD
Department of Family Medicine
Creighton University
Omaha, Nebraska

Venkata Raju Behara, MD
Nephrology Associates of Northern Illinois and Indiana
Section of Nephrology
Advocate Lutheran General Hospital
Park Ridge, Illinois

Paul P. Belliveau, PharmD
Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Department of Pharmacy Practice
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Worcester, Massachusetts

Brock A. Benedict, DO
Family Physician
Department of US Army
Womack Army Medical Center
Fort Bragg, North Carolina

Rajarshi Bhadra, MD
Clinical Fellow
Department of Nephrology
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Prarthna V. Bhardwaj, MBBS
Fellow, Department of Hematology Oncology
UMass Chan Medical School-Baystate
Springfield, Massachusetts

Swagato Bhattacharyya, DO
Resident
Department of Psychiatry
Mather Hospital
Port Jefferson, New York

Siddhi Bhivandkar, MD
Department of Psychiatry
St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center
Boston University
Boston, Massachusetts

Kimberly Bibb, MD
Assistant Professor
Jackson, Mississippi

Ghazaleh Bigdeli, MD, FCCP
Pulmonary Rehab Associates
Youngstown, Ohio

Laura B. Bishop, MD
Associate Professor, Associate Program Director, Attending Med-Peds Hospitalist
Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Residency Program
University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky

Dmitry Bisk, MD
Associate Director
HonorHealth Scottsdale Osborn Family Medicine Residency Program
HonorHealth
Scottsdale, Arizona

Frances J. Boly, DO
Department of Infectious Diseases
Advocate Christ Medical Center
Oak Lawn, Illinois

Robert Bonanno, MD
Family Medicine Physician
Department of Family Medicine
Prisma Health-Upstate
Greenville, South Carolina

Curtis W. Bone, MD, MHS
Assistant Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Teresa Bormann, MD
Site Director
Department of Family Medicine
Pierre Rural Family Medicine Residency
Pierre, South Dakota

Carley Borrelli, MD
Resident
Department of Family Medicine
Novant Health Family Medicine Residency Program
Cornelius, North Carolina

Marie L. Borum, MD, EdD, MPH^†Professor of Medicine
Director of the Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases
Department of Medicine
George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Care Sciences
Washington, District of Columbia

Katherine E. Bouchard, DO
Department of Family Medicine
Methodist Charlton Medical Center
Dallas, Texas

Sarah Bounader, MD
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Stephanie M. Bouwer, DO
Resident Physician
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Penn State Health
State College, Pennsylvania

Andrew F. Boylan, MD
Resident
Department of Internal Medicine
George Washington University
Washington, District of Columbia

Joseph Braddock, MD
House Staff Physician PGY1
Department of Family Medicine
Creighton University School of Medicine
Omaha, Nebraska

Chandler Brandenburg, MD
Family Medicine PGY-1
Memorial Health University Medical Center
Savannah, Georgia

Dellyse Bright, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Family Medicine
Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center
Charlotte, North Carolina

Ekaterina Brodski-Quigley, MD, EdM
Physician
Lancaster, Massachusetts

David T. Broome, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan

Nicholas Broughton, DO
PGY-2
Family Medicine Program
Medical City Arlington
Arlington, Texas

Kathryn M. Brown, MD, MS
Assistant Professor
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

M. Ashleigh Brown, DO
Surgical Resident
Department of General Surgery
Medical College of Georgia
Augusta University
Augusta, Georgia

Phillip Charles Brown, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor
UCLA Family Medical Department
Los Angeles, California

Michael Bruno, MD
Fellow
Division of Pediatric Cardiology
Texas Children’s Hospital
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas

Daniella Davida Brutman, MD
Physician
Department of Family Medicine
AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Bonnie A. Buechel, MD, MS
Resident Physician
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Han Q. Bui, MD, MPH^†
Woodbridge, Virginia

Dylan Buller, MD
Resident
Department of Urology
UConn Health
Farmington, Connecticut

Kristina Burgers, MD^†
Family Physician
Fort Bragg, North Carolina

Liam P. Burke, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Sarah Burroughs, DO
Chief Resident
Department of Internal Medicine
Advocate Lutheran General Hospital
Park Ridge, Illinois

Harold J. Bursztajn, MD
Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Part-Time
Department of Psychiatry
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

David C. Cadena Jr., MD^†Assistant Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas

Boris Calderon, DO
Department of Internal Medicine
Cape Fear Valley Health System
Fayetteville, North Carolina

Angela Pauline Patawaran Calimag, MD, BSN, RN, MAN
Resident Physician
Department of Internal Medicine
Advocate Christ Medical Center
Oak Lawn, Illinois

Caroline R. Campbell, MD^†
Department of General Surgery
Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University
Augusta, Georgia

Justin Paul Canakis, DO
Resident Doctor
Department of Internal Medicine
George Washington University
Washington, District of Columbia

Etny Raul Candelario, MD, MS
Department of Family and Community Medicine
University of Texas Health Science Center
San Antonio, Texas

Dana G. Carroll, PharmD, BCPS, CDCES, BCGP
Clinical Professor
Department of Pharmacy Practice
Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy
Tuscaloosa, Alabama

Kitty Brigitta Carter-Wicker, MD^†
Associate Professor
Department of Family Medicine
Morehouse School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia

Casandra Cashman, MD, FAAFP
Assistant Director
Community East Family Medicine Residency Program
Indianapolis, Indiana

Jose Alejandro Castellanos, MD
Resident
Department of Family Medicine
San Joaquin General Hospital
French Camp, California

Michelle Caster, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Family Medicine
University Hospitals
Cleveland, Ohio

Mary E. Cataletto, MD, FAAP, FCCP
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
NYU Long Island School of Medicine
Mineola, New York

Erin Cathcart, MD, MPH
Resident Physician
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Jeanne M. Cawse-Lucas, MD
Associate Professor
Theodore J. Phillips Endowed Professor of Family Medicine
Department of Family Medicine
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Rachel Ceccarelli, DO, MPH
Resident Physician
Department of Family Medicine
University of Massachusetts Worcester Family Medicine Residency
Worcester, Massachusetts

Jan Cerny, MD, PhD^†
Associate Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
Division of Hematology/Oncology
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Matthew Chabot, MD^†
Worcester, Massachusetts

Joumana Chaiban, MD, MBA, FACE
Associate Professor of Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Illinois at Chicago/Advocate Christ Medical Center
Chicago, Illinois

Ronald G. Chambers Jr., MD, FAAFP^†
Program Director
Department of Family Medicine
Dignity Health
Sacramento, California

Christine Chan, MD
Faculty
Hawaii Island Family Medicine Residency
Hilo, Hawaii

Molly E. Chandler, MD
Family Medicine Resident
Madigan Army Medical Center
Tacoma, Washington

Sangili Chandran, MD
Director Primary Care Sports Medicine
Advocate Christ Medical Center
Oak Lawn, Illinois
Associate Professor
Department of Family Medicine
Chicago Medical School
Roslind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
Chicago, Illinois

Felix B. Chang, MD, DABMA, ABIHM, ABIM
Director, Inpatient Service
University of Massachusetts Fitchburg Family Medicine Residency Program
Hospitalist, Family Medicine
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts
Hospitalist
Department of Hospital Medicine
University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Group
Leominster, Massachusetts

Jennifer G. Chang, MD^†LtCol, USAF, MC
Department of Family Medicine Residency
96th Medical Group
Eglin Air Force Base, Florida

Juliana Chang, MD
Rheumatology Fellow
University of California, Irvine
Irvine, California

Jason Chao, MD, MS
Professor
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
Cleveland, Ohio

James T. Chapman, DO
PGY-2 Resident Physician
Novant Health Family Medicine Residency Program
Cornelius, North Carolina

Kathya M. Chartre, MD
Department of Family Medicine
AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Kimberly M. Chekan, DO, MPH
Physician
Department of Family Medicine
Novant Health Family Medicine Residency
Cornelius, North Carolina

Jeffrey Chen, MD
Clinical Instructor
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Texas at Houston, McGovern Medical School
Houston, Texas

Joseph A. Chen, MD
Resident, PGY-2
Department of Family Medicine
Tallahassee Memorial Healthcare
Tallahassee, Florida

Rensa Chen, DO
Resident Physician
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey
Medical Center Hershey, Pennsylvania

Tiffany Chen, DO
Resident Physician
Family and Community Medicine Residency Program
Mercy Health – Anderson Hospital
Cincinnati, Ohio

Ashley F. Chin, MD
Resident Physician
Department of Psychiatry
Advocate Lutheran General Hospital
Park Ridge, Illinois

Justin J. Chin, DO^†
Capt, USAF, MC
Robins Air Force Base, Georgia

Edwin Y. Choi, MD, MS, FAAFP, DFPHM^†Associate Program
Director Department of Hospitalist Fellowship
Womack Army Medical Center
Fort Bragg, North Carolina

Lea S. Choi, DO
Resident Physician
Department of Family Medicine
Womack Army Medical Center
Fort Bragg, North Carolina

Ratnesh Chopra, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Sanjiv Chopra, MBBS, MACP
Professor of Medicine
Department of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Vasilios Chrisostomidis, DO
Associate Professor of Family Medicine and Community Medicine
Department of Family Medicine
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Dean A. Christian, MD^†
Danville, Pennsylvania

Marissa T. Christian, PharmD
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
Solid Organ Transplant
Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Justin Chu, DO
Emergency Medicine Physician
Vineland, New Jersey

Vivian Nnenna Chukwuma, MD
Resident
Department of Internal Medicine
Advocate Christ Medical Center
Oak Lawn, Illinois

Gustavo Churrango, MD
Advanced Gastroenterology
Central Main Medical Center
Lewiston, Maine

Joseph H. Cioffi, BA, MD
Resident
Department of Internal Medicine
George Washington University Hospital
Washington, District of Columbia

Michael Scott Clark, MD
Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry
Outpatient Psychiatry
Market Liaison Institute
Novant Health
Charlotte, North Carolina

S. Lindsey Clarke, MD, FAAFP^†
Medical University of South Carolina
Area Health Education Consortium Professor (Greenwood/Family Medicine)
Director of Resident Education and Associate Program Director
Self Regional Healthcare
Greenwood, South Carolina

Karl T. Clebak, MD, MHA, FAAFP^†
Associate Professor, Program Director
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Timothy J. Coker, MD, FAAFP^†
Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado

Chelsea Elyse Cole, MD
Assistant Professor
UT Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas

Irene Coletsos, MD
Community Psychiatrist
Department of Behavioral Health
VinFen, Department of Mental Health
Quincy, Massachusetts

Jennifer R. Collins, PharmD
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist–Ambulatory Care
Community Health Network
Indianapolis, Indiana

Giancarlo Colón Rosa, MD
Resident Physician
Department of Internal Medicine
George Washington University Hospital
Washington, District of Columbia

Christina Colosimo, DO, MS
Chief Resident
Department of Trauma Surgery
Cooper University Hospital
Camden, New Jersey

Patrick Sean Connell, MD, PhD
Fellow
Department of Pediatric Cardiology
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas

Christina Conrad, DO
Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Phoenix Children’s Hospital
Phoenix, Arizona

Stephanie L. Conway-Allen, PharmD, RPh
Associate Professor
Department of Pharmacy Practice
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University
Worcester, Massachusetts

Ronald L. Cook, DO, MBA
Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine
Lubbock, Texas

Tonya M. Cook, PharmD
Faculty, Clinical Pharmacist
Department of Family Medicine Residency
St. Mary’s Medical Center Family Medicine Residency
Grand Junction, Colorado

Chloe Sabine Courchesne, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Family Medicine
University of California, Irvine
Irvine, California

John Coward, MD
Hospitalist
Prisma Health
Columbia, South Carolina

Mary E. Cox, DO
Resident Physician
Department of Family Medicine
Novant Health Family Medicine Residency Program
Cornelius, North Carolina

Julie A. Creech, DO^†
Family Medicine Physician, Sports Medicine Physician, Primary Care
Sports Medicine Fellow
United States Air Force

Jason Cross, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University
Worcester, Massachusetts

Hongyi Cui, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Surgery, Associate Director, Acute Care Surgery
Department of Surgery
University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center
Worcester, Massachusetts

Yuhamy Curbelo-Peña, MD^†
Department of General Surgery
Vic University Hospital
Vic, Barcelona, Spain

Yulibeth Curbelo Peña, MD
Rehabilitation Department
Vall D’Hebron Hospital
Barcelona, Spain

Cragin D. Currence, MD
General Surgery Resident
Spartanburg Regional Health System
Spartanburg, South Carolina

Tina D’Amato, DO
Attending Family Physician
Charlotte Family Medicine
Charlotte, Vermont

Apaar Dadlani, MBBS
Resident Physician
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky

Jennifer Daily, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Family and Geriatric Medicine
University of Louisville School of Medicine
Louisville, Kentucky

Heather Ann Dalton, MD, FAAFP^†
Hospice and Palliative Medicine Fellow
Department of Internal Medicine
UT Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas

Paul E. Daniel Jr., MD^†
University of Massachusetts Medical School
University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center
Worcester, Massachusetts

Hillary J. Darrow, MD
Family Medicine Resident
Department of Family Medicine Residency
Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center
Fort Hood, Texas

Akhil Das, MD, FACS
Professor
Department of Urology
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Shilpa Das, DO, MS
Resident Physician
Department of Family Medicine
University of Maryland Medical Center
Baltimore, Maryland

Adrian DaSilva-DeAbreu, MD
Fellow
John Ochsner Heart & Vascular Institute
New Orleans, Louisiana

James Evan Davidson, MD
Chief Resident
Department of Internal Medicine
Augusta University Medical Center
Augusta, Georgia

Sarah E. Davis, DO
Physician
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Cleveland Clinic Akron General
Akron, Ohio

Christopher Davis, MD, MPH
Resident Physician
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Fehima C. Dawy, MD
Resident
Department of Family and Community Medicine
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas

Ana De Diego, MD
Resident Physician
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Miami at Holy Cross
Miami, Florida

Niyomi De Silva, MD
Associate Program Director
Department of Family Medicine
HCA Medical City Arlington
Arlington, Texas

Iain W. Decker, DO
Resident Physician
Department of Ophthalmology
Kettering Health Network Grandview Medical Center
Dayton, Ohio

Edward M. Degerman, MD
Sports Medicine Fellow
Department of Sports Medicine
SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University
Brooklyn, New York

Henry Del Rosario, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Collen del Valle, DO
Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
University of North Texas Health Science Center
Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine
Fort Worth, Texas

Emilee J. Delbridge, PhD, LMFT
Assistant Professor of Clinical Family Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana

Konstantinos E. Deligiannidis, MD, MPH, FAAFP
Assistant Professor
Department of Family Medicine
Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
Hempstead, New York

Melissa Dennis, MD, MHA
Associate Chairman
OB Hospitalist
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center
Chicago, Illinois

Yatri Desai, BS
Fourth Year Medical Student
Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine
Midwestern University
Downers Grove, Illinois

Henry DeYoung, MD^†
Lieutenant, VFA-106 Flight Surgeon
Department of Aviation Medicine
Virginia Beach, Virginia

Shaoshan Ding, MD
Practicing Physician

Laith Rommel Dinkha, DO
General Cardiologist
Department of Cardiology
Brooke Army Medical Center
Fort Sam Houston, Texas

Amanda D. Dobbins, MD^†Medical Resident
Department of Family Medicine Residency
Advocate Christ
Chicago, Illinois

Charles Doerner, DO
Fellow
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
Largo Medical Center
Largo, Florida

Frank J. Domino, MD
Professor and Director of Predoctoral Education
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Audrey Dong, DO
Resident
Department of Family Medicine
Penn State Health
State College, Pennsylvania

Heather C. Doty, DO
Novant Health Family Medicine Residency Program
Cornelius, North Carolina

Kyler M. Douglas, DO
Resident Doctor
Department of Family Medicine
Saint Louis University
St. Louis, Missouri

Joanna Drowos, DO, MPH, MBA
Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs
Associate Professor of Family Medicine
Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine
Florida Atlantic University
Boca Raton, Florida

Sakshi Duggal, MBBS
Department of Family Medicine
Creighton University
Omaha, Nebraska

Maurice Duggins, MD, FAAFP
Faculty
Clinical Associate Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Ascension Via Christi Family Medicine Residency
Kansas University School of Medicine–Wichita
Wichita, Kansas

Noel Dunn, MD^†
Staff Physician
Department of Family Medicine
Madigan Army Medical Center
Tacoma, Washington

Maegen Dupper, MD
Associate Dean of Clinical Curriculum
Associate Professor of Medical Education, Family Medicine
California University of Science and Medicine
Colton, California

Muhammad I. Durrani, DO, MS^†
Assistant Research Director, Core Faculty
Department of Emergency Medicine
Inspira Medical Center
Vineland, New Jersey

Sudeshna Dutta, MD
Resident
Department of Family Medicine
Creighton University
Omaha, Nebraska

Stephany Giraldo Eierle, DO, MPH
UMass Memorial WFMR PGY-2
Worcester, Massachusetts

Safiya Elahi, DO
Resident Physician
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Illinois at Chicago/Advocate Christ Medical Center
Oak Lawn, Illinois

William G. Elder, PhD
Professor and Chair
Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences
University of Houston
Houston, Texas

Pamela Ellsworth, MD
Professor of Urology
University of Central Florida
Orlando, Florida

Sara Elsayed, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Family Medicine
MSU/MidMichigan Medical Center-Gratiot Family Medicine Residency Program
Alma, Michigan

Mohamad Elzaim, MD
Resident
Department of Family Medicine
Medical City Arlington
Arlington, Texas

Deborah R. Erlich, MD, MMedEd, FAAFP
Associate Professor
Department of Family Medicine
Family Medicine Clerkship Director
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Brooke Ersland, MD
Faculty
Department of Family Medicine
Methodist Charlton Family Medicine Residency
Dallas, Texas

Justin T. Ertle, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University
Augusta, Georgia

Emily J. Eshleman, DO, MS
Resident Physician
Department of Family Medicine
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Frank Estrella, DO^†
Department of Family Medicine
Riverside Methodist Hospital
Columbus, Ohio

Tyler Evans, DO
Resident PGY3
UT Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas

Pang-Yen Fan, MD
Professor of Medicine
Division of Renal Medicine
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Veronica Farrell, MSN, NP-C
Worcester, Massachusetts

Omofolarin Fasuyi, MD, MPH, FAAFP
Assistant Professor
Department of Family Medicine
Morehouse School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia

Rhonda A. Faulkner, PhD^†
Director of Behavioral Medicine
Department of Family Medicine
AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago
University of Illinois College of Medicine Master Affiliate
Chicago, Illinois

Jeffrey P. Feden, MD, FACEP
Associate Professor, Clinician Educator
Department of Emergency Medicine
The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Providence, Rhode Island

A. Susan Feeney, DNP, FNP-BC, NP-C
Assistant Professor
Director of Nurse Practitioner Specialties
Graduate School of Nursing
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Ryan B. Feeney, PharmD, BCPS, BCGP
Clinical Pharmacist
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Neil Feldman, DPM^†Central Massachusetts Podiatry, PC
Worcester, Massachusetts

Nolan P. Feola, MD^†Capt., Eglin Air Force Base Family Medicine Residency
Eglin Air Force Base, Florida

Scott A. Fields, MD, MHA
Adjunct Associate Professor of Family Medicine
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland, Oregon

Matthew J. Filippo, DO
Associate Professor, Teaching/Clinical Psychiatrist
Department of Psychiatry
Advocate Lutheran General Hospital
Park Ridge, Illinois

Stanley Fineman, MD
Adjunct Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia

Jay Fong, MD^†
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Hepatology
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Jane M. Forbes, MD
Chief Resident
UVA Family Medicine
Charlottesville, Virginia

Jennifer G. Foster, MD, MBA, FACP
Associate Professor of Medicine
Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine
Boca Raton, Florida

Zoe Foster, MD, FAAFP
Program Director
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine
Prisma Health
University of South Carolina
Columbia, South Carolina

Danita R. Fox, MD
Family Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Robert L. Frachtman, MD, FACG
Clinical Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine/ Gastroenterology
Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas

Daniel Jason Frasca, DO
Assistant Professor
Department of Soldier Care
Eisenhower Army Medical Center
Fort Gordon, Georgia

Erin Fredrickson, DO, MPH
Department of Family Medicine
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Eva Fremaint, MPAS, DMSc
PA-C
Department of U.S. Army

Bruce Palmer Freshley Jr., MD
Prisma Health
University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville
Greenville, South Carolina

Jorge Finke, MD
Bowdoin Street Health Center
Boston, Massachusetts

Megan Finneran, DO, MS
Resident Physician
Department of Neurosurgery
Carle BroMenn Medical Center
Normal, Illinois

Stephen Firkins, MD
Resident Physician
Department of Internal Medicine
The Ohio State University Wexner
Medical Center
Columbus, Ohio

Zedeena Fisher, MD
Bayfront Health
St. Petersburg, Florida

Dylan T. Flaherty, DO
Internal Medicine Resident - PGY2
University of Louisville Health
Louisville, Kentucky

Theodore B. Flaum, DO
Associate Professor
Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine
NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine
Old Westbury, New York

Kyle J. Fletke, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

Suzanne Florczyk, PharmD
Clinical Pharmacist Novant Health
Cornelius, North Carolina

Joseph A. Florence, MD
Professor and Director of Rural Programs
Department of Family Medicine
East Tennessee State University James H. Quillen College of Medicine
Johnson City, Tennessee

Michael P. Flynn, MD, MHS
Staff Physician
Atrius Health
PMG Physician Associates
Bourne, Massachusetts

Minjin Fromm, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Katherine Gagan, MD
PGY-3
Tidelands Health MUSC Family Medicine Residency
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina

Steven W. Gale, MD
MCW-Prevea Family Medicine Residency Program
Green Bay, Wisconsin

Kelsey Gallagher, DO
Family Medicine
Amita Health Saint Joseph Hospital
Chicago, Illinois

Moises Gallegos, MD, MPH
Clerkship Director
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California

William T. Garrison, PhD^†
Professor of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Tamara L. Gayle, MD, MEd
Department of Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Children’s National Medical Center
Washington, District of Columbia

Mawuse K. Gbegnon, MD
Resident
Department of Family Medicine
Novant Health Family Medicine Residency Program
Cornelius, North Carolina

Kamini Geer, MD, MPH
Program Director
AdventHealth Family Medicine Residency
East Orlando, Florida

Joanne E. Genewick, DO, FAIHM
Assistant Professor of Family Medicine
Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine
Assistant Professor of Family Medicine
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
University of Minnesota
Consultant
Mayo Clinic Health System-Eastridge
Mankato, Minnesota

Michelle A. Georgia, DO
Resident Physician
Department of Pediatrics
University of Massachusetts
Worcester, Massachusetts

Fereshteh Gerayli, MD, FAAFP
Professor of Family Medicine
Johnson City Family Medicine Residency Program
James H. Quillen College of Medicine
East Tennessee State University
Johnson City, Tennessee

M. Alex Germano, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Penn State College of Medicine
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Evangelos Giakoumatos, MD, MSc
Department of Family Medicine
Creighton University
Omaha, Nebraska

Lawrence M. Gibbs, MD, MSEd
Core Faculty
Department of Family Medicine
Methodist Family Medicine Residency Program
Dallas, Texas

Megan Gibson, MD^†Huntsville, Alabama

Cameron S. Gilbert, MD, USAF, CSARME^†
Flight Surgeon
Moody Air Force Base, Georgia

Stephanie A. Gill, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Daniel V. Girzadas Jr., MD
Department of Emergency Medicine
University of Illinois
Chicago, Illinois
Department of Emergency Medicine
Advocate Christ Medical Center
Oak Lawn, Illinois

Brian C. Glaser, MD
Family Medicine Residency Clinic
David Grant Medical Center
Travis Air Force Base, California

Erin M. Glembocki, MD
Resident Physician
Department of Family Medicine
ProHealth Care
Waukesha, Wisconsin

Lawrence Go, MD
Resident
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Penn State College of Medicine
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Krystyna Guinevere Golden, MD^†Resident Physician
Eglin Family Medicine Residency
Eglin Air Force Base Hospital
Eglin Air Force Base, Florida

Jeremy Golding, MD, FAAFP
Professor of Family Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care
Hahnemann Family Health Center
Worcester, Massachusetts

Naga Bharani Goparaju, MD
Johnston Memorial Hospital
Abingdon, Virginia

Fredric D. Gordon, MD, FAASLD, AGAF
Professor of Medicine
Department of Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Diseases
Lahey Hospital & Medical Center
Burlington, Massachusetts

Melanie Rose Gordon, MD
Associate Professor
Core Teaching Faculty
Department of Internal Medicine Residency Program
Advocate Christ Medical Center
Oak Lawn, Illinois

Emily Ann Gorman, DO
Assistant Program Director
Department of Family Medicine
OhioHealth Riverside Family Medicine
Columbus, Ohio

Kiyomi K. Goto, DO
Assistant Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Penn State Health
State College, Pennsylvania

Ginny L. Gottschalk, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine
University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Lexington, Kentucky

Nivas Govindarajan, MD, BS
Resident Physician
Department of North Texas GME
HCA Medical City Arlington
Arlington, Texas

Stephen Graber, MD
Loma Linda, California

Kristina Gracey, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
University of Massachusetts
Worcester, Massachusetts

Jennifer Grana, DO
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Mary Joyce Green, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Penn State College of Medicine
Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Michael Allen Greene, MD
Program Director
Department of Family Medicine
Creighton University
Omaha, Nebraska

Ramanpreet Grewal, MD
Family Medicine
Galesburg Cottage Hospital
Galesburg, Illinois

Simon B. Griesbach, MD^†
Assistant Director
Department of Family Medicine
Waukesha Family Medicine Residency at ProHealth Care
Waukesha, Wisconsin
Clinical Adjunct Assistant Professor
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
Madison, Wisconsin
Assistant Clinical Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Michael Haddadin, MD
Fellow
Department of Hematology Oncology
University of Massachusetts
Worcester, Massachusetts

Reem Hadi, MD
Board-Certified Family Physician
San Antonio, Texas

Janelle K. Hadley, MD, MPH
Resident Physician
Department of Family Medicine
Advocate Christ Family Medicine Residency
Oak Lawn, Illinois

Uruj Kamal Haider, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Psychiatry
UMass Memorial
Worcester, Massachusetts

Shadi Hamdeh, MD
Department of Internal Medicine
Creighton University School of Medicine
Omaha, Nebraska

Hayley Bryton Hamilton-Bevil, MD, MPH
Resident
Department of Family Medicine
University of Texas Health San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas

Chad Hamner, MD
Medical Director
Department of Pediatric Trauma
Cook Children’s Medical Center
Fort Worth, Texas

Robin Kang Hans, MD, MPH
Department of Family Medicine
San Joaquin General Hospital
French Camp, California

Thomas J. Hansen, MD^†
System Vice President Chief Academic Officer
Department of Academic Affairs
Advocate Aurora Health
Downers Grove, Illinois

Allison Hargreaves, MD
Assistant Professor
Family Medicine and Community Health
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Ghulam Abbas Harrie, MD^†Faculty
PGH Family Medicine
Pontiac, Michigan

Andrew Grimes, MD
Affiliate Clinical Faculty
Department of Perioperative Medicine
Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas

Rebecca Groch, MD
Resident
Novant Health Department of Family Medicine Residency Program
Cornelius, North Carolina

Jennifer Grumet, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor
PA Studies Program
Chapman University
Irvine, California

Ankur Sudhir Gupta, MD, MS
Ophthalmologist
Department of Ophthalmology Geisinger
Danville, Pennsylvania

Neena R. Gupta, MD^†
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatric Nephrology
UMass Memorial Medical Center
Worcester, Massachusetts

Smriti Gupta, MD
Resident Physician
Department of Family Medicine
Penn State Health
State College, Pennsylvania

Sonia Gupta, MD
Resident
Department of Internal Medicine
Creighton University
Omaha, Nebraska

Zelibeth Gutierrez, MD
Department of Family Medicine
Tallahassee Memorial HealthCare Family Medicine Residency Program
Tallahassee, Florida

Christina Gutta, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor for Emergency Medicine and Primary Care Sports Medicine
Prisma Health-Upstate
Greenville, South Carolina

Emmeline Ha, MD
Health Policy Research Fellow
George Washington University
Washington, District of Columbia