Acute hepatic failure

Etiology

• Viral: hepatitis B (common), A, D (in presence of B), E (especially in pregnancy), C (rare), HSV, CMV, infectious mononucleosis, parvovirus B19
• Toxins (predictable): acetaminophen (common), Amanita mushrooms, tetracycline, valproic acid, carbon tetrachloride
• Toxins (idiosyncratic): INH, NSAIDs, halothane, ecstasy, kava
• Vascular: right-sided CHF, shock liver, portal vein thrombosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome
• Metabolic & other: Wilson's disease, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, HELLP syndrome, Reye's syndrome, hyper- or hypothermia, lymphoma