Osteomalacia

Etiology

Vitamin disorders

  • Vitamin D deficiency (malnutrition, insufficient sun exposure, malabsorption, nephrotic syndrome
  • Vitamin D-dependent rickets type I (genetic)
  • Phenytoin, carbamazepine, or barbiturates
Dietary
  • Dietary calcium deficiency
Phosphate deficiency
  • Decreased intestinal absorption
  • Nutritional phosphorus deficiency
  • Malabsorption
  • Phosphate-binding antacid therapy
  • Increased renal loss
  • X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets
  • Oncogenic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia
  • Other disorders: paraproteinemias, glycogen storage diseases, neurofibromatosis, Wilson's disease, Fanconi's syndrome
Inhibitors of mineralization
  • Aluminum
  • Bisphosphonates
Disorders of bone matrix
  • Hypophosphatasia (genetic)
  • Fibrogenesis imperfecta
  • Axial osteomalacia

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