Diabetes insipidus

Etiology

Central (vasopressin deficiency)

  • Primary (familial or idiopathic)
  • Damage to hypothalamus or pituitary stalk by:
    • Metastatic tumor
    • Pituitary adenoma
    • Anoxic encephalopathy
    • Surgical or accidental trauma
    • Encephalitis, tuberculosis (TB), syphilis
    • Empty sella syndrome
    • Radiation
    • Sarcoidosis
    • Eosinophilic granuloma (Langerhans cell histiocytosis, histiocytosis X)
  • Vasopressinase-induced diabetes insipdus (DI) in pregnancy
Nephrogenic (vasopressin resistant)
  • Congenital
  • Drugs: glucocorticoids, diuretics, demeclocycline, tetracycline, lithium, foscarnet, methicillin
  • Acquired: pyelonephritis, amyloidosis, multiple myeloma, hypokalemia, Sjögren's syndrome, sickle cell anemia, hypercalcemia, recovery from acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

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