Depression
Basics
Basics
Basics
Description
Description
Description
Primary mood disorder characterized by a sustained feeling of sadness and/or decreased interest in all or most activities once enjoyed, which represents a change from previous state
Epidemiology
Epidemiology
Epidemiology
Prevalence
- Lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is 20.6% (1).
- Low risk before early teens; highest prevalence in teens and young adults; average age of onset is 30 years.
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology is poorly understood.
Genetics
Twin studies suggest 37% concordance.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
- Female > male (2:1)
- Adverse life events (2)
- First-degree relative or spouse with depression, bipolar, suicide, substance abuse
- Presence of comorbid medical conditions including neurodegenerative diseases
General Prevention
General Prevention
General Prevention
Physical activity lowers the risk of depression (3).
Commonly Associated Conditions
Commonly Associated Conditions
Commonly Associated Conditions
Bipolar disorder, cyclothymic disorder, grief reaction, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorders, conduct disorder, substance abuse
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